Mitigate Groundwater Pumping
Mitigation Agreement
Updated December 19, 2018CWAG Position on Big Chino Water Ranch
To maintain the health of the Verde River and the riparian habitat, CWAG defines mitigation as: 1) No diminution in base flow from project pumping; 2) No degradation in water quality; and 3) Preservation of historical flood flows. These conditions will assure that the upper Verde River will remain a living river, and that domestic wells in the Paulden community will not be harmed. CWAG insists that the BCWR project must be fully mitigated to prevent the upper Verde River from eventually suffering a debilitating loss of base flow.
The financing for the BCWR must be approved by the voters in Prescott (Prop 401). CWAG insists that a practical, scientifically valid, and fully funded mitigation plan must be in place in advance of the 401 election.
A realistic, fully funded mitigation plan - in advance of construction - is essential. Unless an acceptable mitigation plan is developed, national environmental organizations will litigate; these lawsuits could drag on for years at taxpayer expense.
Any plan to reach safe yield in the PrAMA must not put other areas into overdraft or contribute to the destruction of important natural resources such as Del Rio Springs and the upper Verde River. Therefore, all water exported from the Big Chino must be mitigated.
Updated December 19, 2018Is Mitigation Possible?
Some possible mitigation methods include HIA water, large scale rainwater harvesting, effluent recharge, and vegetation management. All of these possible mitigation methods have substantial problems, as discussed in the sections below.
At this time, CWAG can not identify adequate mitigation resources. The only possibly effective mitigation would be to retire actively pumping agricultural wells, a partial solution at best.
Updated December 19, 2018Mitigation Using HIA Water
Dedicating all of the approximately 3,768 afy of HIA water from the BCWR to mitigation - foregoing importation - could be a partial solution. However, ADWR has not officially quantified HIA water resources. HIA water quantity is based on state law authorizing 3 af/acre, not on actual measurements of agricultural net water use; this does not agree with USGS estimates of Big Chino agricultural water use of 2 af/acre. Also, it is not known if HIA mitigation will meet CWAG’s requirement to not diminish base flow.
HIA water will not be available for municipal and industrial use unless Prescott decides to release some HIA water as "Additional Water." If "Additional Water" becomes available, the City of Prescott has commited its share of HIA water (perhaps about 2,000 afy) to mitigation or safe yield - not to growth - but Prescott Valley has made no committment to its use of HIA water.
In summary, in the best case, 3,768 afy of HIA water is inadequate to mitigate 8,068 afy of groundwater removal.
Updated December 19, 2018Mitigation using Landscape Scale Rainwater Harvesting
The problems are enormous environmental damage, extremely high costs, and challenging legal issues.
Updated December 19, 2018Mitigation Using Effluent Recharge
Effluent recharged in the Little Chino cannot prevent loss of base flow caused by pumping in the Big Chino.
The recharged water needs a century to flow to the Chino Valley well field. Decades of overdraft pumping in Chino Valley has created a large “cone of depression,” similar to a hole in the aquifer, that will “trap” the recharge before it reaches the Verde, plus the recharge volume is much less that the pumping.
Effective recharge for mitigation would require an effluent pipeline to be constructed from the Prescott area to Paulden for recharge above the headwaters. Again, the mitigation water quality must be A+ to protect native fish listed by the Endangered Species Act.
More importantly, sufficient effluent is not available. Prescott is required by Proposition 400 to dedicate all effluent from new subdivisions – the intended receiver of the Big Chino water – to safe yield so that effluent would not be available for mitigation. Prescott’s existing effluent is now fully committed to short-term recharge credits and to long-term direct reuse for golf course irrigation. Prescott Valley has sold its effluent credits to investors to supply water credits for new subdivisions. Chino Valley has a small recharge facility.
One possible source of treated effluent would be to connect all of Chino Valley and Paulden to sewer systems to collect effluent for recharge. The expense is huge and the amount of effluent collected is inadequate.
Updated December 19, 2018Mitigation Using Vegetation Management
Updated December 19, 2018